Twentieth Century Atlas - World War Two Casualty Statistics

National Death Tolls for the Second World War

Level 1: more than 1,000,000 dead
- China
  - Military:
    - Britannica: 1,310,224 (Nationalists, 1937-45)
    - Compton's: 1,310,224 (Nationalists, 1937-45)
    - HarperCollins: 1,324,000
    - Clodfelter
      - KMT: 1,319,958 KIA
      - Communists: admit to 500,000 d., but true toll probably 2M soldiers + civilians in Comm. areas.
      - Total: 3M
    - Info. Please: 1,324,516 (Nationalists, 1937-45)
    - Ellis: 1,400,000
    - Eckhardt: 650,000 (1937-41, incl. Japanese), 1,350,000 (1941-45)
    - Small & Singer: 750,000 (1937-41), 1,350,000 (after Dec. 1941)
    - Wallechinsky: 2,219,958
      - Nationalists (1937-45): 1,319,958
      - Communists: 500,000
      - non-Comm. guerrillas: 400,000
    - Urlanis: 2,500,000
    - Encarta: 3,500,000
    - Rummel: 3,832,000
      - Nationalist + Communist battle: 1,900,000
      - Disease: 1,500,000
      - Japanese puppet Chinese: 432,000
    - Kinder: 6,400,000
    - MEDIAN: ca. 2,050,000 (2.0M-2.1M)
  - Civilian:
    - Eckhardt: 1,150,000 (1937-41), 850,000 (1941-45)
    - Kinder: 4,500,000
    - Wallechinsky: 2-10M (1937-45)
    - Urlanis: 7,500,000
    - Ellis: 8,000,000
    - HarperCollins: up to 10,000,000
    - Encarta: 10,000,000
    - Rummel: 15,608,000
      - Civilian, non-democidal: 3,252,000
      - Famine: 2,250,000
      - Democide:
        
        by Japanese: 3,949,000
        
        by Nationalists: 5,907,000
        
        by Communists: 250,000
    - MEDIAN: ca. 7,750,000 (7.5M-8.0M)
  - Total:
    - Messenger: 2.5M
    - Eckhardt: 4M
    - Wallechinsky: 4.2-12.2M
    - Ellis: 9.4M
    - Urlanis: 10M
    - Kinder: 10.9M
    - HarperCollins: < 11M
    - Encarta: 13.5M
    - Martin Gilbert A History of the Twentieth Century v.3 (citing Ho Ping-ti): 15-20M
    - Rummel: 20.44M
    - MEDIAN: ca. 10,450,000 (10.0M-10.9M)
- Germany
  - Military:
    - HarperCollins: 2,850,000
    - Ellis: 3,250,000
    - Compton's: 3,250,000
    - Info. Please: 3,250,000 (all causes)
    - Clodfelter: 3,250,000 d. incl...
      - 2,850,000 KIA
    - Britannica: 3,500,000 (incl. 1M missing. Not incl.: 250,000 dead of natural causes, suicide and execution)
    - Small & Singer: 3,500,000
    - Encarta: 3,500,000
    - Keegan: 4,000,000
    - Kinder: 4,000,000
    - Urlanis: 4,500,000
    - Eckhardt: 4,750,000
    - MEDIAN: 3.5M
  - Civilian:
    - Compton's: 500,000
    - Britannica: 780,000
    - Wallechinsky: 780,000
    - Davies: 780,000
    - Clodfelter: 780,000
    - Eckhardt: 1,471,000
    - Keegan: 1,593,000
    - Urlanis: 2,000,000
    - HarperCollins: 2,300,000
    - Ellis: 2,050,000 (by Allies), 300,000 (by Germans)
    - Kinder: 3,800,000
    - Encarta: 3,800,000
    - MEDIAN: 1.6M
  - All (undifferentiated):
    - Compton's: 3.75M
    - Wallechinsky: 4M
    - Britannica: 4.28M
    - Messenger: 5M
    - HarperCollins: 5.15M
    - Ellis: 5.55M
    - Keegan: 5.593M
    - Eckhardt: 6.221M
    - Urlanis: 6.5M
    - Encarta: 7.3M
    - Kinder: 7.8M
    - MEDIAN: 5.5M
- India
  - Military:
    - Keegan: 24,000
    - Eckhardt: 24,000
    - Britannica: 24,338
    - Urlanis: 24,338 (KIA, officially)
    - Info. Please: 32,121
    - HarperCollins: 36,092
    - Ellis: 36,100
    - Clodfelter: 48,675 d. incl...
      - 24,338 KIA
  - Civilian
    - Eckhardt: 25,000
    - Bengal Famine (1943)
      - Hammond: 1.5 to 3.0 million
      - Stanley Wolpert, A New History of India, 4th ed.: 1-3M
      - John Keay: India: A History: 2-4M
      - [Letter]
  - All (undifferentiated):
    - Messenger: 36,000
- Japan
  - Military:
    - Clodfelter: 500,000 Japanese k. or d. in China (only)
    - Keegan: 1,200,000
    - Kinder: 1,200,000
    - Small & Singer: 250,000 (1937-41), 1,000,000 (after Dec. 1941)
    - Info. Please: 1,270,000
    - Britannica: 1,300,000 (not incl. 300,000 deaths not related to battle)
    - Eckhardt: 1,500,000
    - HarperCollins: 1,506,000
    - Encarta: 1,700,000
    - Ellis: 1,740,000 (from 1937)
    - Compton's: 1,862,499
    - Urlanis: 2,000,000
    - Clodfelter: 2,565,878 d. incl...
      - 1,506,000 KIA
  - Civilian:
    - Compton's: 250,000
    - HarperCollins: 300,000
    - Urlanis: 350,000
    - Encarta: 380,000
    - Ellis: 393,400
    - Eckhardt: 500,000
    - Clodfelter: 658,595 or 672,000 (incl. disease, malnutrition and 299,485 by bombing)
    - Britannica: 672,000
    - Wallechinsky: 700,000
  - All (undifferentiated):
    - Messenger: 2,000,000
    - Wallechinsky: 3.2M
- Poland
  - Military:
    - Ellis: 66,300 (1939 war), 4,500 (in W. Eur.)
    - Encarta: 120,000
    - Urlanis: 123,200 (from official report, 1947)
      - 1939 War: 66,300
      - 1st & 2nd Polish Armies in East: 13,900
      - France & Norway, 1940: 2,100
      - In British Army: 7,900
      - 1944 Uprising: 13,000
      - Resistance: 20,000
    - Britannica: 123,178
    - Davies: 123,178
    - Compton's: 125,000
    - Small & Singer: 320,000 (1939 war)
    - Eckhardt: 600,000
    - Info. Please: 664,000
    - HarperCollins: 850,000 (169,822 "as Allies")
  - Civilian:
    - Kinder: 4,200,000
    - Urlanis: 4,877,000 within post-war boundaries
      - According to the official 1947 report of the Polish govt.:
        
        Victims of concentration camps, executions, ghetto liquidations: 3,577,000
        
        Victims of prisons, camps and other places of confinement (death caused by epidemics, exhaustion, etc.): 1,286,000
        
        Outside camps - dead of wounds, injuries, overwork: 521,000
        
        TOTAL: 6,028,000 [within pre-war boundaries]
        
        Civilian losses as direct result of military operation: 521,000
    - Compton's: 5M
    - Ellis: 5,300,000
    - Encarta: 5,300,000
    - Britannica: 5,675,000
    - Wallechinsky: 5,700,000
    - Davies: 5,675,000 to 7,000,000
    - HarperCollins: 5,778,000
    - Eckhardt: 6,000,000
  - All (undifferentiated):
    - Keegan: 6,000,000
    - Messenger: 6,000,000
    - Wallechinsky: 6.3M
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
  - Military:
    - Info. Please: 6,115,000 (all causes)
    - Compton's: 6,750,000
    - Keegan: 7,000,000
    - Small & Singer: 7,500,000
    - Eckhardt: 7,500,000
    - Davies: 8,000,000 to 9,000,000
    - Barbarossa, the Axis and the Allies, by John Erickson and David Dilks
      - KIA, Died of wounds, Accidents, Suicides: 6,885,1000 [sic]
      - Dead and Missing: 8,668,400
      - Mentions and dismisses other estimates of 23M and 26.4M.
    - Richard Overy, Russia's War (1997); also :
      - KIA, DoW, etc.: 6,885,100
      - Total Dead: 8,668,400
    - Mazower: 3M POWs through starvation + 6.5M in battle = 9.5M
    - Urlanis: 10,000,000
    - Volkogonov: 10,000,000
    - Ellis: 11,000,000
    - Britannica: 11,000,000
    - Encarta: 13,000,000
    - Kinder: 13,600,000
    - Wallechinsky: 13,600,000
    - HarperCollins: 14,500,000
    - 30 Apr. 1994 Guardian: 22M
    - Steven Shabad
      - Sokolov's new calculations: 26.4M
      - Gorbachev's official est.: 8,668,000 Red Army dead
    - MEDIAN: 10M
  - Civilian:
    - Compton's: 6M
    - Ellis: 6,700,000
    - Britannica: 7,000,000
    - HarperCollins: 7,000,000
    - Encarta: 7,000,000
    - Kinder: 7,000,000
    - Keegan: 7,000,000
    - Eckhardt: 7,500,000
    - Mazower: 10M
    - Urlanis: 10,000,000
    - Steven Shabad (citing Sokolov): 16.9M
    - Richard Overy, Russia's War (1997): "best estimate" 17M, citing
      - Sokolov: 16,900,000
      - Korol: 24,000,000
    - Davies: 16,000,000 to 19,000,000
    - 30 Apr. 1994 Guardian: 18M
    - MEDIAN: 7M
  - Total:
    - Compton's: 12.75M
    - Keegan: 14M
    - Eckhardt: 15M
    - Ellis: 17.7M
    - Britannica: 18M
    - Mazower: 19.5M
    - Encarta: 20M
    - Messenger: 20M
    - Urlanis: 20M
    - Kinder: 20.6M
    - HarperCollins: 21.5M
    - Wallechinsky: 20-26M
    - Richard Overy, Russia's War (1997): 25M
    - Davies: 24M to 28M
    - Volkogonov, Dmitri, Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy (1991): 26-27M
    - Guiness World Records: 26.6M [http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/index.asp?id=46251]
    - Hochschild: 27M
    - 30 Apr. 1994 Guardian: 40M
    - Steven Shabad
      - Sokolov's new calculations: 43.3M
      - Stalin's official public est.: 7M dead
      - Khrushchev's official est.: 20M
      - Gorbachev's official est.: 27M
    - Barbarossa, the Axis and the Allies, by John Erickson and David Dilks: 49M (acc2 book review: Agence France Presse, 16 June 1994)
    - MEDIAN: 20M
- Yugoslavia
  - Military:
    - Small & Singer: 5,000 (1941 War)
    - Compton's: 75,000
    - Encarta: 300,000
    - Urlanis: 300,000
    - Britannica: 305,000
    - Davies: 305,000
    - Info. Please: 305,000
    - Eckhardt: 400,000
    - MEDIAN: 0.3M
  - Civilian:
    - Eckhardt: 1,000,000
    - Britannica: 1,200,000
    - Davies: 1,200,000
    - Wallechinsky: 1,200,000
    - Encarta: 1,300,000
    - Urlanis: 1,400,000
    - MEDIAN: 1.2M
  - Total:
    - Keegan: 1M
    - Eckhardt: 1.4M
    - Wallechinsky: 1.5M
    - Britannica: 1.505M
    - Davies: 1.505M
    - Encarta: 1.6M
    - Messenger: 1.6M
    - Urlanis: 1.7M
    - HarperCollins: 1.7M
    - Ellis: 1.7M
    - MEDIAN: 1.55M
Level 2: more than 100,000 dead
- Austria (usually counted with Germany)
  - Military:
    - Urlanis: 270,000
    - Info. Please: 280,000
    - Eckhardt: 280,000
    - HarperCollins: 380,000
  - Civilian:
    - Urlanis: 104,000
    - Eckhardt: 125,000
    - HarperCollins: 145,000
  - All:
    - Messenger: 310,000
- Czechoslovakia
  - Military:
    - HarperCollins: 6,683
    - Info. Please: 6,683 (all causes)
    - Clodfelter: 6,683 KIA
    - Britannica: 10,000
    - Encarta: 10,000
    - Eckhardt: 30,000
    - Urlanis
      - Czechs, Slovaks in various armies: 46,000
      - Sudetendeutsch w/German Army: 200,000
  - Civilian:
    - Britannica: 215,000
    - Ellis: 215,000
    - Eckhardt: 250,000
    - Urlanis: 294,000
    - HarperCollins: 310,000
    - Encarta: 330,000
  - All:
    - Messenger: 350,000
- France
  - Military:
    - Ellis: 92,000 (1940), 30,000 (in exile)
    - Compton's: 166,195
    - Keegan: 200,000
    - Eckhardt: 200,000
    - Info. Please: 201,568
    - Small & Singer: 210,000 (w/Allies), 2,500 (Vichy, w/Axis)
    - HarperCollins: 210,671
    - Britannica: 213,324 (incl. 1,200 Vichy)
    - Davies: 213,324
    - Clodfelter: 245,000 incl...
      - 213,324 KIA, which incl. 2,653 Vichy
    - Encarta: 250,000
    - Urlanis: 250,000
      - KIA, 1939-40 War: 92,000
      - KIA, Free French, 1940-45: 58,000
      - Resistance: 20,000
      - Alsatian French conscripts KIA w/German army: 40,000
      - POW Deaths: 40,000
  - Civilian:
    - HarperCollins: 173,260
    - Britannica: 350,000
    - Davies: 350,000
    - Clodfelter: 350,000
    - Urlanis: 350,000
      - From bombing: 60,000
      - Nazi terror: 90,000
      - Forced labor in Germany: 40,000
      - German concentration camps: 160,000
    - Encarta: 360,000
    - Keegan: 400,000
    - Eckhardt: 450,000
    - Ellis: 470,000
  - All (undifferentiated):
    - Wallechinsky: 595,000
    - Messenger: 600,000
- Greece
  - Military:
    - Small & Singer: 10,000 (1940-41)
    - Eckhardt: 10,000
    - HarperCollins: 16,357
    - Info. Please: 17,024
    - Ellis: 18,300
    - Compton's: 77,200
    - Britannica: 88,300
    - Clodfelter: 88,300 incl...
      - 17,024 KIA, which incl. partisans
    - Urlanis: 100,000, incl. 10,000 in 1940-41 war
  - Civilian:
    - Eckhardt: 54,000
    - HarperCollins: 155,300
    - Britannica: 325,000
    - Clodfelter: 325,000
    - Davies: 325,000
    - Urlanis: 350,000
    - Compton's: 380,000
    - Ellis: 415,000
  - All (undifferentiated):
    - Messenger: 100,000
    - Keegan: 250,000
- Hungary
  - Military:
    - Small & Singer: 40,000
    - Compton's: 75,000
    - Encarta: 120,000
    - Ellis: 136,000
    - Urlanis: 136,000
    - Info. Please: 147,435
    - Britannica: 200,000 (fragmentary data)
    - Eckhardt: 400,000
  - Civilian:
    - Encarta: 280,000
    - Britannica: 290,000
    - Urlanis: 294,000
    - Ellis: 300,000
    - Eckhardt: 450,000
  - All (undifferentiated):
    - Messenger: 400,000
    - Wallechinsky: 490,000
    - HarperCollins: 750,000
- Italy
  - Military:
    - Compton's: 60,000 (w/Axis), 69,774 (w/Allies)
    - Small & Singer: 60,000 (w/Axis), 17,500 (w/Allies)
    - Info. Please: 149,496 (all causes)
    - Eckhardt: 150,000
    - Ellis: 226,900
    - Britannica: 242,232 (incl. 131,419 missing, but not incl. 49,144 dead of natural causes and suicide. Total military dead w/o missing: 159,957, which divides up as 92,767 w/Axis and 67,190 w/Allies)
    - HarperCollins: 279,820 (17,400 as Allies)
    - Encarta: 330,000
    - Urlanis: 400,000 (incl. 17,000 as Allies; 71,000 in resistance)
  - Civilian:
    - Ellis: 60,000
    - Eckhardt: 70,000
    - Encarta: 80,000
    - HarperCollins: 93,000
    - Urlanis: 100,000
    - Britannica: 152,941
  - All (undifferentiated):
    - Keegan: 330,000
    - Messenger: 300,000
    - Wallechinsky: 530,000
- Netherlands
  - Military:
    - Eckhardt: 6,000
    - Small & Singer: 6,200
    - Compton's: 6,238
    - Info. Please: 6,500
    - Britannica: 7,900
    - Clodfelter: 7,900, incl. 6,344 KIA
    - Keegan: 10,000
    - Urlanis: 12,000, incl. 6,200 in 1940 war
    - HarperCollins: 13,700
    - Ellis: 2,900 (1940), 10,800 (in exile)
  - Civilian:
    - Ellis: 150,000
    - Urlanis: 198,000
    - Eckhardt: 200,000
    - Clodfelter: 200,000
    - Britannica: 200,000
    - HarperCollins: 236,000
  - All (undifferentiated):
    - Keegan: 200,000
    - Messenger: 200,000
- Philippines
  - Military:
    - Britannica: 27,000
    - Eckhardt: 27,000
  - Civilian:
    - Britannica: 91,000
    - Eckhardt: 91,000
- Romania
  - Military:
    - Compton's: 80,000
    - Encarta: 200,000
    - Small & Singer: 290,000 (w/Axis), 5,000 (w/Allies)
    - Britannica: 300,000 (fragmentary data)
    - Urlanis: 300,000
    - Davies: 300,000
    - Eckhardt: 340,000
    - Info. Please: 350,000 (against USSR; 169,822 against Germany)
    - Ellis: 381,000 (w/Axis)
    - HarperCollins: 519,822
  - Civilian:
    - Britannica: 200,000
    - Urlanis: 200,000
    - Eckhardt: 300,000
    - HarperCollins: 465,000
    - Encarta: 465,000
  - All (undifferentiated):
    - Wallechinsky: 500,000
    - Messenger: 700,000
- United Kingdom
  - Military:
    - Keegan: 244,000
    - Britannica: 264,443 (incl. missing)
    - Davies: 264,443
    - Small & Singer: 270,000
    - HarperCollins: 271,311
    - Urlanis: 290,000
    - Ellis: 305,800
    - Eckhardt: 350,000
    - Compton's: 353,652 (British Empire)
    - Info. Please: 357,116 (all causes)
    - Clodfelter: 403,195 incl...
      - 264,443 KIA
  - Civilian:
    - Keegan: 60,000 (bombing)
    - Urlanis: 60,000
    - HarperCollins: 60,595
    - Ellis: 60,600
    - Britannica: 92,673 (incl. 30,248 merchant mariners and 60,595 killed by bombing)
    - Davies: 92,673
    - Clodfelter: 92,673
    - Eckhardt: 100,000
  - All (undifferentiated):
    - Messenger: 400,000
    - Wallechinsky: 495,000
- United States of America
  - Military:
    - Keegan: 292,000
    - HarperCollins: 292,100
    - Britannica: 292,131 (not incl. 115,187 non-battle)
    - Compton's: 293,986
    - Urlanis: 300,000
    - Info. Please: 291,557 KIA + 113,842 other causes = 405,399
    - DoD: 291,557 KIA + 113,842 other = 405,399
    - Ellis: 405,400
    - Encarta: 292,131 KIA + 115,187 other causes = 407,318
    - Wallechinsky: 292,131 KIA + 115,187 other = 407,318
    - Eckhardt: 408,000
    - Small & Singer: 408,300
  - Civilian:
    - Britannica: 6,000
    - U.S. Merchant Marine: 8,300 mariners killed at sea, at least 1,100 died from wounds. Total killed estimated 9,300. [http://www.usmm.org/ww2.html]
  - All (undifferentiated):
    - Messenger: 300,000
Level 3: more than 10,000 dead
- Albania
  - Military:
    - Eckhardt: 20,000
    - Urlanis: 28,800 guerillas
  - Civilian:
    - Eckhardt: 10,000
  - All:
    - Messenger: 20,000
- Australia
  - Military:
    - Keegan: 23,000
    - Britannica: 23,365 (incl. missing)
    - HarperCollins: 23,395
    - Info. Please: 26,976
    - Ellis: 29,400
    - Small & Singer: 33,826
    - Eckhardt: 34,000
    - Clodfelter: 37,637 d. incl...
      - 23,338 KIA
    - AWM: 39,366
      - Army: 26,097
      - RAN: 2,208
      - RAAF: 11,061
  - All:
    - Messenger: 29,000
- Belgium
  - Military:
    - Ellis: 7,500 (1940), 500 (in exile)
    - Compton's: 7,760
    - Info. Please: 8,460
    - HarperCollins: 9,561
    - Small & Singer: 9,600
    - Urlanis: 9,300 in 1940; 10,000 total
    - Britannica: 12,000
    - Clodfelter: 22,651 incl. 8,460 KIA
    - Eckhardt: 110,000
  - Civilian:
    - Ellis: 12,000
    - HarperCollins: 75,000
    - Clodfelter: 76,000
    - Urlanis: 76,000 (w/Lux.)
    - Britannica: 76,000
    - Eckhardt: 90,000
  - All:
    - Messenger: 100,000
- British Far Eastern Colonies
  - All:
    - Messenger: 21,000
- Bulgaria
  - Military:
    - Info. Please: 6,671
    - Small & Singer: 9,000 (w/Axis), 1,000 (w/Allies)
    - Britannica: 10,000 (fragmentary data)
    - HarperCollins: 18,500
    - Eckhardt: 20,000
    - Urlanis: 25,000
      - w/Soviets: 7,000
      - Guerrillas: 15,000
  - Civilian:
    - HarperCollins: 1,500
    - Britannica: 10,000
    - Urlanis: 10,000
    - Eckhardt: 14,000
    - Ellis: 50,000
  - All:
    - Messenger: 17,000
- Canada
  - Military:
    - Keegan: 37,000
    - Britannica: 37,476
    - Urlanis: 37,476 (KIA, officially)
    - Eckhardt: 39,000
    - Small & Singer: 39,300
    - Ellis: 39,300
    - HarperCollins: 39,319
    - Info. Please: 42,042
    - Clodfelter: 42,666 d. incl...
      - 37,476 KIA
  - Civilian:
    - Mariners: ca. 1,146 k., "along with 203 Newfoundlanders, who were not yet Canadians." [http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-71-1039-5834/conflict_war/canada_veterans/clip3]
  - All:
    - Messenger: 39,000
- Finland
  - Military:
    - Small & Singer: 42,000 (1941-45)
    - Eckhardt: 45,000 (1941-45)
    - Compton's: 52,609
    - HarperCollins: 79,047
    - Info. Please: 79,047
    - Britannica: 82,000
    - Clodfelter: 82,000 d. incl...
      - 79,047 KIA
    - Urlanis: 84,000
    - Ellis: 24,900 (Winter War), 65,000 (1941-45)
  - Civilian:
    - Britannica: 2,000
    - Clodfelter: 2,000
    - Ellis: 3,400
    - Eckhardt: 15,000
    - Urlanis: 16,000
  - All:
    - Messenger: 90,000
- New Zealand
  - Military:
    - Keegan: 10,000
    - Britannica: 10,033 (incl. missing)
    - Urlanis: 10,033 (KIA, officially)
    - Info. Please: 11,625 (all causes)
    - HarperCollins: 12,162
    - Clodfelter: 12,262 d. incl...
      - 10,033 KIA
    - Eckhardt: 17,000
    - Small & Singer: 17,300
  - All:
    - Messenger: 5,000
- Spain
  - Military:
    - HarperCollins: 4,500 (for Axis), 7,500 (for Allies)
  - Civilian:
    - HarperCollins: 10,000 (in concentration camps)
Level 4: less than 10,000 dead
- Brazil
  - Military:
    - Britannica: 943
    - Info. Please: 943
    - HarperCollins: 943
    - Clodfelter: 943, incl. 492 naval
    - Small & Singer: 1,000
    - Eckhardt: 1,000
  - Civilian:
    - Clodfelter: 972 (merchant ships)
  - All:
    - Messenger: 1,200
- Denmark
  - Military:
    - Britannica: 1,800
    - HarperCollins: 4,339
    - Info. Please: 4,339
  - Civilian:
    - Ellis: 1,000
    - Britannica: 2,000
  - All:
    - Messenger: 7,000
- Ethiopia
  - Military:
    - Small & Singer: 5,000
    - Eckhardt: 5,000
  - Civilan:
    - Eckhardt: 5,000
- Luxemburg
  - Military:
    - Urlanis: 4,000-5,000
  - All:
    - Messenger: 7,000
- Mongolia
  - Military:
    - Small & Singer: 3,000
    - Eckhardt: 3,000
- Norway
  - Military (as Allies, unless otherwise noted):
    - Compton's: 1,000
    - Small & Singer: 2,000
    - Ellis: 2,000
    - Eckhardt: 2,000
    - Info. Please: 2,000
    - Britannica: 3,000
    - Clodfelter: 3,000 incl. 1598 KIA
    - HarperCollins: 4,780
    - NWHA: 709 Norwegians k. while serving the German war cause [http://www.nwha.org/news_1Q2004/news_page10.html]
  - Civilian:
    - Ellis: 3,800
    - Britannica: 7,000
    - Clodfelter: 7,000
    - Eckhardt: 7,000
    - NWHA [http://www.nwha.org/news_1Q2004/news_page10.html]
      - "Germans had executed 366 [Norwegians] and tortured 39 to death. Among political prisoners and members of the underground, 658 died at home and 1,433 abroad."
      - 3,670 seamen d.
      - 37 quislings executed after the war.
  - All:
    - Messenger: 10,000
    - NWHA: 10,262 [http://www.nwha.org/news_1Q2004/news_page10.html]
- South Africa
  - Military:
    - Info. Please: 2,473
    - Keegan: 6,000
    - Britannica: 6,840
    - HarperCollins: 8,681
    - Clodfelter: 8,681 d. incl...
      - 6,840 KIA
    - Small & Singer: 8,700
    - Ellis: 8,700
    - Eckhardt: 9,000
  - All:
    - Messenger: 9,000

Appendix A: Battle Deaths in Major WW2 Campaigns

(Includes missing, but not POWs. According to John Ellis, World War II : a statistical survey (Facts on File, 1993) unless otherwise noted.)

Poland, 1939
- Poles: 66,300
- Germans: 13,110
- [Soviets]: 900 ("Russians")
- [TOTAL: ca. 80,000]
Denmark/Norway, 1940
- Ellis
  - Germans: 3,692
  - Norwegians: 2,000
  - Danes: -
  - [TOTAL: ca. 5,700]
- NWHA [http://www.nwha.org/news_1Q2004/news_page9.html]
  - Norwegians: 850
  - British: 4,000
  - French and Poles: 530
  - Germans: 1,300
  - [TOTAL: 6,680]
France 1940
- French: 120,000
- Germans: 43,110
- British: 11,010
- Belgians: 7,500
- Dutch: 2,890
- Italians: 1,250
- [TOTAL: ca. 185,000]
Balkans, 1941
- Yugoslavs: ?
- Italians: 38,830
- Greeks: 19,000
- Germans: 3,674 (K+W) [A total of 34,040 Germans were killed in the Balkans to 31 Dec. 1944]
- [TOTAL: ca. 160,000]
Greece, 1940-41 (according to Gilbert, A History of the 20th Century)
- Italians: 13,755
- Greeks: 15,700
- Germans: 2,232
- British: 3,712
- [TOTAL: ca. 35,400]
Eastern Front, 1941-45
- Ellis
  - [Soviets]: 11,000,000 ("Russians")
  - Germans: 2,415,690 (K+M+POWs, incl. SS troops, to Dec. 1944. Another est. is 1,001,680K + 1,287,140M = 2,288,820 in Field Army only, 22-June 1941-10 March 1945.)
  - Romanians: 381,000 (as Axis). 170,000 (as Allies)
  - Hungarians: 136,000
  - Poles: >40,000
  - Bulgarians: 32,000
  - [TOTAL: ca. 14,000,000]
- Clodfelter
  - [Soviets]: 7.5M to 12.0M ("Russians")
  - Germans: 1,001,000 kia
  - Romanians: 300,000 d.
  - Hungarians: 200,000 d.
  - [TOTAL: ca. 11,251,000 ± 2,250,000]
North African Desert, 1941-43
- Ellis
  - Italians: 20,720
  - British: c. 7,000 in W. Desert + 6,230 in Tunisia
  - Germans: 12,810
  - Americans: 3,620
  - Australians: 3,150
  - French: 12,920 (all casualty types)
  - New Zealanders: 6,340 (incl. k. in Italy)
  - S. Africans: 2,100
  - Indians: 1,720
  - [TOTAL: 57,350, excl. French & New Z.]
- Clodfelter
  - British Commonwealth: 35,476 KIA
  - Germans: 18,594
  - Italians: 13,748
  - [TOTAL: 67,818]
Italy, 1943-45
- British: 89,440 (K+W)
- Germans: 59,940 (KIA only, incl. SS troops, to Dec. 1944. Another est. is 46,800K + 208,240M = 255,040 in Field Army only, June 1941-10 April 1945.)
- Americans: 29,560
- French: 8,660
- Canadians: 5,400
- Indians: 4,720
- Poles: 2,460
- S. Africans: 710
- Brazilians: 510
- [TOTAL: ca. 125,000]
China
- Chinese: 3,211,420 (all casualty types)
- Japanese: 388,600
- [TOTAL: ca. 1,200,000]
Pacific, 1941-45
- Japanese: 685,230 Army & Marines + 414,880 Navy [=1,100,110]
- Americans: 55,060 Army & Marines + 36,950 Navy [=92,010]
- [TOTAL: ca. 1,192,120]
NW Europe, 1944-45
- Ellis
  - Germans: 128,030 (KIA only, incl. SS troops, to Dec. 1944. Another est. is 80,820K + 490,260M = 571,080 in Field Army only, to April 1945.)
  - Americans: 109,820
  - British: 30,280
  - French: 12,590
  - Canadians: 10,740
  - Poles: 1,160
  - [TOTAL: 292,620]
- Clodfelter
  - Allies: 186,900 KIA, incl. 135,576 USA
  - Germans: 263,000 combat d. + 56,000 died as POWs [incl. died of wounds]
  - [TOTAL: 505,900]
SE Asia
- Japanese: 210,830
- Indians: 6,860
- British: 5,670 (incl. POWs)
- Americans: 3,650
- Australians: 1,820
- Africans: 860
- [TOTAL: ca. 225,000]

Major Battles of WW2:

Appendix B: Holocaust Deaths by Nation

Total Jews killed from within pre-war borders.

Poland
- Harper Collins Atlas of the Second World War: 3,000,000 Jews k
- Messenger, Charles, The Chronological Atlas of World War Two: 3,000,000
- Wiesenthal Center: 2,982,000 [http://motlc.wiesenthal.org/pages/t061/t06152.html]
- Davies, Europe: a history: 2,350,000-3,000,000
- Johnson, Paul, Modern Times: 2,600,000
- Kinder, The Anchor Atlas of World History: 2,350,000
USSR
- Davies: 1,500,000-2,000,000 Jews k
- Messenger: 1,000,000
- Wiesenthal Center: 1,000,000 [http://motlc.wiesenthal.org/text/x30/xm3081.html]
- Harper Collins: 1,000,000
- Johnson: 750,000
- Kinder: 700,000
Romania
- Johnson: 750,000 Jews k
- Messenger, Charles, The Chronological Atlas of World War Two: 470,000
- Historical Atlas of the Holocaust: 350,000+
- Davies: 200,000-300,000
- Kinder: 200,000
- Harper Collins: 40,000
Hungary
- Johnson: 402,000 Jews k
- Davies: 200,000-300,000
- Harper Collins: 200,000
- Messenger: 200,000
- Kinder: 180,000
Czecholslovakia
- Johnson: 277,000 Jews k
- Harper Collins: 277,000
- Kinder: 233,000
- Messenger: 200,000
- Davies: 90,000-95,000
Germany
- Davies: 218,000-240,000 Jews k (with Austria)
- Johnson: 180,000
- Messenger: 160,000
- Kinder: 160,000
- Harper Collins: 160,000
Lithuania
- Messenger: 140,000 Jews k
- Harper Collins: 135,000
- Johnson: 104,000
Netherlands
- Davies: 104,000-110,000 Jews k
- Johnson: 106,000
- Messenger: 105,000
- Kinder: 104,000
France
- Johnson: 83,000 Jews k
- Harper Collins: 83,000
- Davies: 60,000-65,000
- Kinder: 60,000
- Messenger: 8,000 [sic]
Latvia
- Messenger: 80,000 Jews k
- Johnson: 70,000
- Harper Collins: 8,000
Austria
- Messenger: 70,000 Jews k
- Johnson: 65,000
- Harper Collins: 65,000
- Kinder: 58,000
Greece
- Harper Collins: 71,301 Jews k
- Messenger: 67,000
- Johnson: 65,000
- Davies: 57,000-60,000
Yugoslavia
- Messenger: 60,000 Jews k
- Harper Collins: 60,000
- Johnson: 60,000
- Davies: 55,000-60,000
- Kinder: 57,000
Bulgaria
- Harper Collins: 48,000 Jews k
- Messenger: 48,000
- Johnson: 40,000
Belgium
- Johnson: 28,000 Jews k
- Davies: 25,000-28,000
- Messenger: 25,000
- Kinder: 25,000
- Harper Collins: 24,387
Italy
- Davies: 8,500-9,500 Jews k
- Johnson: 9,000
- Kinder: 8,500
- Messenger: 8,000
- Harper Collins: 8,000
Luxembourg
- Davies: 2,800-3,000 Jews k
- Messenger: 1,200
- Harper Collins: 700
Norway
- Davies: 700-1,000 Jews k
- Harper Collins: 728
- Kinder: 700
Denmark
- Messenger: 2,000 Jews k
- Davies: < 100
- Harper Collins: 77
TOTAL:
- see Hitler.

Sources

AWM: Australian War Memorial Fact Sheet [http://www.awm.gov.au/research/infosheets/19_aust_war_casualties.htm]
Britannica: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, 1992 printing. "Killed, died of wounds, or in prison .... exclud[ing] those who died of natural causes or were suicides."
Clodfelter, Michael: Warfare and Armed Conflict: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1618-1991
Davies, Norman, Europe A History (1998) same as Britannica's war dead in most cases.
Eckhardt, William: a 3-page table of his war statistics printed in World Military and Social Expenditures 1987-88 (12th ed., 1987) by Ruth Leger Sivard. "Deaths", including "massacres, political violence, and famines associated with the conflicts."
Ellis John, World War II : a statistical survey (Facts on File, 1993) "killed and missing" unless otherwise noted.
The Guardian [London] 30 Apr. 1994 (wires 2 May 94), citing J. Erickson and Helmut Trotnow
Harper Collins Atlas of the Second World War, John Keegan, ed., (1997)
US Holocaust Memorial Museum, Historical Atlas of the Holocaust (1995)
Hochschild, Adam, The Unquiet Ghost: Russians Remember Stalin (Penguin, 1994)
Information Please Almanac (1991 edition): "battle deaths" unless otherwise noted.
Johnson, Paul, Modern Times
Keegan, John, The Second World War (1989)
Kinder, The Anchor Atlas of World History (1978)
Messenger, Charles, The Chronological Atlas of World War Two (Macmillan, 1989)
Mazower, Mark, Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century (1998)
Shabad, Steven, World Press Review v42n7 (Jul 1995)
Small, Melvin & Singer, Joel David, Resort to Arms : International and Civil Wars 1816-1965 (1982): battle deaths.
Urlanis, Boris, Wars and Population (1971)
Wallechinsky, David, Twentieth Century / History With the Boring Parts Left Out (1995)

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